On 30 November 1854 the Melbourne Volunteer Rifle Regiment was established as the first Volunteer military force in the Colony of Victoria. Similar units were formed in other parts of Australia. From this foundation, all other military forces in what is now the State of Victoria trace their roots.

The motivation to create volunteer forces in Australia was largely due to the instability in Europe at the time. This was the era of Balaclava and the Crimea. In fact, many of Melbourne's streets are named after noteworthy places and people from those campaigns.

During the mid 19th century Rifle Regiments were considered to be the best of British Infantry. It was in this spirit of excellence that the Rifle Regiment model was used to base Victoria's first volunteer force.

The 5th/6th Battalion, The Royal Victoria Regiment will be celebrating their 150th anniversary throughout 2004 and into 2005.